In Avestan, Zaraθuštra is generally accepted to derive from an Old Iranian *Zaratuštra- The element half of the name ( -uštra-) is thought to be the Indo-Iranian root for 'camel', with the entire name meaning 'he who can manage camels'. The Greek form of the name appears to be based on a phonetic transliteration or semantic substitution of Avestan zaraθ- with the Greek ζωρός, zōros (literally 'undiluted') and the BMAC substrate -uštra with ἄστρον, astron, ' star'. This form appears subsequently in the Latin Zōroastrēs, and, in later Greek orthographies, as Ζωροάστρις, Zōroastris. His translated name, "Zoroaster", derives from a later (5th century BC) Greek transcription, Zōroastrēs ( Ζωροάστρης), as used in Xanthus's Lydiaca (Fragment 32) and in Plato's First Alcibiades (122a1). Zoroaster's name in his native language, Avestan, was probably Zaraθuštra. By any modern standard of historiography, no evidence can place him into a fixed period and the historicization surrounding him may be a part of a trend from before the 10th century AD that historicizes legends and myths. Little is known about Zoroaster most of his life is known only from these scant texts. Zoroaster is credited with authorship of the Gathas as well as the Yasna Haptanghaiti, a series of hymns composed in his native Avestan dialect that comprise the core of Zoroastrian thinking. Zoroastrianism eventually became the official state religion of ancient Iran-particularly during the era of the Achaemenid Empire-and its distant subdivisions from around the 6th century BC until the 7th century AD, when the religion itself began to decline following the Arab-Muslim conquest of Iran. Other scholars date him to the 7th and 6th centuries BC as a near-contemporary of Cyrus the Great and Darius the Great. Some scholars, using linguistic and socio-cultural evidence, suggest a dating to somewhere in the second millennium BC. There is little scholarly consensus on when he lived. He founded the first documented monotheistic religion in the world and also had an impact on Plato, Pythagoras, and the Abrahamic religions – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. He was a native speaker of Avestan and lived in the eastern part of the Iranian plateau, but his exact birthplace is uncertain. ![]() He is said to have been an Iranian prophet who founded a religious movement that challenged the existing traditions of ancient Iranian religion, and inaugurated a movement that eventually became a staple religion in ancient Iran. ![]() Zoroaster, also known as Zarathustra, is regarded as the spiritual founder of Zoroastrianism.
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